Animal | Cat (Felis domesticus) | Rhesus monkey (Macacca mulatta) | Owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) | Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) | Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Order | Carnivora | Primate | Primate | Rodentia | Rodentia | Lagomorpha | Didelphimorphia | |||||||
Cell type | X | Y | P | M | P | M | X-like | Y-like | X | Y | Concentric Sustained | Concentric Transient | X | Y |
Selected relative properties | ||||||||||||||
Relative receptive field center size | Smaller | Larger | Smaller | Larger | Smaller | Larger | No signif. difference | No signif. difference | No signif. difference | No signif. difference | Smaller | Larger | Smaller | Larger |
Relative latency (to visual or electrical stimulation) | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster | Slower | Faster |
Relative transience | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient | More sustained | More transient |
Selected absolute properties | ||||||||||||||
Nonlinear spatial summation (%) | 0% | 100% | 1% | 25% | 0% | 0-4%3,4 | 8% | 24% | 0% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% | 100% |
Peak latency (to visual stimulation) | 85 ms1 | 60 ms1 | 38 ms2 | 25 ms2 | 40.4 ms | 48.8 ms | 32.9 ms | 28.6 ms | ||||||
Color opponency | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ||||||||
Central receptive field size | 0.1° | 0.3° | 0.01° | 0.06° | 0.2° | 1.0° | 1.6° | 2.0° | 3.9° | 4.6° | 2.02° | 2.58° | 2.9° | 2.8° |
Contrast gain | High | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | Low | ||||||
Center size dependency on eccentricity | Strong | Strong | Weak | Strong | Strong | Strong | Weak | Weak | Weak | Weak | Strong | Strong | ||
Center-surround organization | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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Each animal has one class of neurons that is sustained and another that is transient, although many properties such as linearity of spatial summation, contrast gain, and dependency of receptive field size on eccentricity vary from species to species. References: cat (Shapley and Perry 1986); rhesus monkey (Shapley and Perry 1986); owl monkey (Usrey and Reid 2000); gray squirrel (this study); rat (Gabriel et al. 1996; Hale et al. 1979); rabbit (Swadlow and Weyand 1985); opossum (Kirby and Wilson 1986). 1 Sestokas and Lehmkuhle (1986); 2 Maunsell et al. (1999); 3 Usrey and Reid (2000); 4 Xu et al. (2001).